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\u258c<\/mark><\/strong><\/strong>\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6069\u5229\u514b\u00b7\u8d39\u7c73\uff08Enrico Fermi\uff0c1901\u5e749\u670829\u65e5\u20141954\u5e7411\u670828\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u7c4d\u610f\u5927\u5229\u88d4\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u517c\u5177\u9876\u5c16\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7269\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u201c\u5168\u80fd\u578b\u201d\u79d1\u5b66\u5de8\u5320\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u6838\u7269\u7406\u3001\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u201c\u8d39\u7c73-\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u7edf\u8ba1\u201d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u03b2\u8870\u53d8\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5efa\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u53ef\u63a7\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\uff0c\u4e3a\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7814\u53d1\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840\u30021938\u5e74\uff0c\u8d39\u7c73\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\uff0c1953\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u79d1\u6280\u683c\u5c40\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e3a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5176\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u7b2c100\u53f7\u5316\u5b66\u5143\u7d20\u201c\u9544\u201d\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u591a\u4e2a\u79d1\u7814\u673a\u6784\u4e0e\u5956\u9879\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5176\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u5f70\u663e\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u7b80\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\u8d39\u7c73<\/td>\u56fd\u7c4d<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u7f8e\u56fd\/\u610f\u5927\u5229<\/td><\/tr>
\u82f1\u7b80\u540d<\/strong><\/td>Fermi<\/td>\u804c\u4e1a<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u6559\u80b2\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\/\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6<\/td><\/tr>
\u4e2d\u6587\u540d<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u6069\u5229\u514b\u00b7\u8d39\u7c73<\/td>\u51fa\u751f\u65e5\u671f<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>1901\u5e749\u670829\u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
\u82f1\u6587\u540d<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Enrico Fermi<\/td>\u901d\u4e16\u65e5\u671f<\/strong><\/td>1954\u5e7411\u670828\u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
\u51fa\u751f\u5730<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7f57\u9a6c<\/td>\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31<\/strong><\/td>1938\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u258c<\/mark><\/strong><\/strong>\u4eba\u7269\u751f\u5e73<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u610f\u5927\u5229\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u7a81\u7834<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u258c<\/mark><\/strong><\/strong>\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.\u521b\u7acb\u8d39\u7c73-\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4e49\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\uff1a1926\u5e74\uff0c\u8d39\u7c73\u72ec\u7acb\u63d0\u51fa\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7edf\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u8d39\u7c73-\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e0e\u73bb\u8272-\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7edf\u8ba1\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u81ea\u65cb\u4e3a\u534a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff08\u540e\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\u201d\uff09\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7c92\u5b50\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u6ce1\u5229\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u8d28\u5b50\u3001\u4e2d\u5b50\u7b49\u6784\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u5747\u4e3a\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u3001\u5929\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u7b49\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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3.\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5efa\u6210\u9996\u53f0\u53ef\u63a7\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\uff1a1942\u5e74\uff0c\u8d39\u7c73\u6210\u529f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u5efa\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u53ef\u63a7\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u201c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u4e00\u53f7\u5806\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\u6838\u94fe\u5f0f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6838\u80fd\u7684\u53ef\u63a7\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6210\u5c31\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u6838\u80fd\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u4e3a\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u5229\u7528\uff08\u5982\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\uff09\u4e0e\u519b\u4e8b\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u5982\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\uff09\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u6b63\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5165\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.\u5f00\u521b\u4e2d\u5b50\u8f70\u51fb\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff1a1934\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u8d39\u7c73\u5e26\u9886\u56e2\u961f\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e2d\u5b50\u8f70\u51fb\u5143\u7d20\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u77f3\u8721\u51cf\u901f\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4e2d\u5b50\u8f70\u51fb\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5236\u5907\u4e8622\u79cd\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u5bf9\u94c0\u8f70\u51fb\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u5b58\u5728\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u91cd\u6838\u88c2\u53d8\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e3a\u6838\u7269\u7406\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5168\u65b0\u601d\u8def\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u258c<\/mark><\/strong><\/strong>\u8363\u8a89\u8868\u5f70<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1938\u5e74\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u8868\u5f70\u5176\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u5b50\u8f70\u51fb\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540e\u7eed\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5176\u5bf9\u8d85\u94c0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u5b58\u5728\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u5956\u9879\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u4e2d\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u8d39\u7c73\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u5728\u9881\u5956\u6f14\u8bf4\u4e2d\u4e3b\u52a8\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1946\u5e74\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u6770\u51fa\u670d\u5f79\u52cb\u7ae0\uff0c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5728\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5efa\u6210\u9996\u53f0\u53ef\u63a7\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1953\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u9009\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u5176\u5b66\u672f\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1954\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u6069\u5229\u514b\u00b7\u8d39\u7c73\u5956\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4ed6\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u8be5\u5956\u9879\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6838\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u8363\u8a89\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.\u7b2c100\u53f7\u5316\u5b66\u5143\u7d20\u201c\u9544\u201d\uff08Fermium\uff09\u4ee5\u8d39\u7c73\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5176\u79d1\u5b66\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u7eaa\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.\u6708\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u73af\u5f62\u5c71\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u8d39\u7c73\u73af\u5f62\u5c71\u201d\uff0c\u5c0f\u884c\u661f1001\u4e5f\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u8d39\u7c73\u661f\u201d\uff0c\u5f70\u663e\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u5168\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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