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\u258c<\/mark><\/strong><\/strong>\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4e2d\u7b80\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b<\/td>\u56fd\u7c4d<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/td><\/tr>
\u82f1\u7b80\u540d<\/strong><\/td>Gorbachev<\/td>\u804c\u4e1a<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6<\/td><\/tr>
\u4e2d\u6587\u540d<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u7c73\u54c8\u4f0a\u5c14\u00b7\u8c22\u5c14\u76d6\u8036\u7ef4\u5947\u00b7\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b<\/td>\u51fa\u751f\u65e5\u671f<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>1931\u5e743\u67082\u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
\u82f1\u6587\u540d<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev<\/td>\u901d\u4e16\u65e5\u671f<\/strong><\/td>2022\u5e748\u670830\u65e5<\/td><\/tr>
\u51fa\u751f\u5730<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u524d\u82cf\u8054-\u65af\u5854\u592b\u7f57\u6ce2\u5c14\u8fb9\u7586\u533a<\/td>\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31<\/strong><\/td>\u8fdb\u884c\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u6539\u9769<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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1988\u5e7410\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u6700\u9ad8\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4e3b\u5e2d\u56e2\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5de9\u56fa\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\uff1b1990\u5e743\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\uff08\u975e\u5e38\uff09\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u8bbe\u7acb\u603b\u7edf\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4f4d\u603b\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u65b0\u601d\u7ef4\u201d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u7f13\u548c\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u7f8e\u82cf\u88c1\u519b\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e1c\u6b27\u5267\u53d8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5176\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e3e\u63aa\u672a\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u82cf\u8054\u79ef\u5f0a\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u52a0\u901f\u6218\u7565\u201d\u4ecd\u5ef6\u7eed\u4f18\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u8001\u8def\uff0c\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u4f9b\u5e94\u77ed\u7f3a\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\uff1b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u5f00\u6027\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u201d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u653e\u5f00\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u6f6e\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u5404\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u52bf\u529b\u62ac\u5934\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u8054\u90a6\u4f53\u5236\u9762\u4e34\u4e25\u5cfb\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u56db\uff09\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u4e0e\u665a\u5e74\u751f\u6d3b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1991\u5e748\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u4e9a\u7eb3\u8036\u592b\u7b49\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u4eba\u7269\u6210\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u963b\u6b62\u6539\u9769\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5c06\u6b63\u5728\u5ea6\u5047\u7684\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u8f6f\u7981\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u201c8\u00b719\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ec5\u6301\u7eed3\u5929\u4fbf\u5ba3\u544a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u867d\u91cd\u8fd4\u6743\u529b\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u6743\u5a01\u5df2\u906d\u53d7\u81f4\u547d\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u82cf\u5171\u7684\u6267\u653f\u5730\u4f4d\u5f7b\u5e95\u52a8\u6447\u30021991\u5e748\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u5ba3\u5e03\u8f9e\u53bb\u82cf\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u8bae\u82cf\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u201c\u81ea\u884c\u89e3\u6563\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5404\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5ba3\u5e03\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u8054\u90a6\u4f53\u5236\u5f7b\u5e95\u74e6\u89e3\u30021991\u5e7412\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u6b63\u5f0f\u8f9e\u53bb\u82cf\u8054\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u6b66\u88c5\u529b\u91cf\u7edf\u5e05\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u603b\u7edf\u53f6\u5229\u94a6\uff0c\u5f53\u5929\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u9876\u4e0a\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u56fd\u65d7\u88ab\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e09\u8272\u65d7\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u544a\u89e3\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u540e\uff0c\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u9010\u6e10\u6de1\u51fa\u4e3b\u6d41\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u4e8e1992\u5e74\u4e3b\u6301\u6210\u7acb\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u4ea4\u6d41\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u665a\u5e74\u7684\u4ed6\u9762\u4e34\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u66fe\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u62cd\u7535\u89c6\u5e7f\u544a\u3001\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u6f14\u8bb2\u3001\u8457\u4e66\u7acb\u4f20\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u5176\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6570\u5341\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u88ab\u8bd1\u4e3a10\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u66fe\u53c2\u4e0e\u7535\u5f71\u62cd\u6444\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u738b\u300b\u7b49\u5f71\u7247\u4e2d\u9970\u6f14\u81ea\u5df1\u30022022\u5e748\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u56e0\u957f\u671f\u91cd\u75c5\u533b\u6cbb\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u603b\u7edf\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c40\u4e2d\u592e\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u9662\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u7ec8\u5e7491\u5c81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u258c<\/mark><\/strong><\/strong>\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u63a8\u52a8\u82cf\u8054\u56fd\u5185\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u4f53\u5236\u8c03\u6574<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.\u63a8\u884c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u63a2\u7d22\uff1a\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\u63a8\u51fa\u201c\u52a0\u901f\u6218\u7565\u201d\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e0e\u6269\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u6fc0\u6d3b\u82cf\u8054\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u66fe\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u4e09\u81ea\u4e00\u5168\u201d\uff08\u81ea\u8d1f\u76c8\u4e8f\u3001\u81ea\u7b79\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6838\u7b97\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u7406\uff09\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u673a\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u90e8\u5206\u6307\u4ee4\u6027\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u5411\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u76ca\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a8\u52a8\u519c\u4e1a\u627f\u5305\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u96c6\u4f53\u519c\u5e84\u4e0e\u56fd\u8425\u519c\u573a\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u4f7f\u82cf\u8054\u519c\u4e1a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.\u63a8\u52a8\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u521b\u65b0\uff1a\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u516c\u5f00\u6027\u201d\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u201d\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u5c01\u9501\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u754c\u516c\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u6743\uff1b\u63a8\u52a8\u82cf\u8054\u8bbe\u7acb\u603b\u7edf\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u9002\u5e94\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u63a8\u52a8\u56fd\u9645\u683c\u5c40\u7f13\u548c\u4e0e\u5916\u4ea4\u7a81\u7834<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u601d\u7ef4\u201d\u5916\u4ea4\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f13\u548c\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8\u7f8e\u82cf\u5173\u7cfb\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b7e\u7f72\u591a\u9879\u88c1\u519b\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u6838\u6218\u4e89\u98ce\u9669\uff1b\u63a8\u52a8\u82cf\u8054\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u6539\u5584\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u201d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u7684\u5012\u584c\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u51b7\u6218\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002\u5176\u5916\u4ea4\u4e3e\u63aa\u4e3a\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u6539\u53d8\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u683c\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u4ea4\u6d41<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u540e\uff0c\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u521b\u529e\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u68b3\u7406\u82cf\u8054\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u8457\u4e66\u7acb\u4f20\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8bba\u575b\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u82cf\u8054\u5386\u53f2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u665a\u5e74\u59cb\u7ec8\u5173\u6ce8\u56fd\u9645\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u547c\u5401\u53cd\u5bf9\u201c\u65b0\u51b7\u6218\u201d\uff0c\u8c34\u8d23\u5927\u56fd\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u5021\u5bfc\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8bdd\u534f\u5546\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u258c<\/mark><\/strong><\/strong>\u8363\u8a89\u8868\u5f70<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1990\u5e74\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u548c\u5e73\u5956\uff0c\u8868\u5f70\u5176\u201c\u4e3a\u7f13\u548c\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u63a8\u52a8\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5956\u9879\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5916\u4ea4\u9886\u57df\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4e3e\u63aa\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2004\u5e74\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u5728\u97f3\u4e50\u7ae5\u8bdd\u300a\u5f7c\u5f97\u4e0e\u72fc\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u914d\u97f3\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d\u603b\u7edf\u6bd4\u5c14\u00b7\u514b\u6797\u987f\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8457\u540d\u5973\u6f14\u5458\u7d22\u83f2\u4e9a\u00b7\u7f57\u5170\u4e00\u540c\u83b7\u5f97\u683c\u83b1\u7f8e\u5956\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u6587\u5316\u9886\u57df\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8363\u8a89\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.\u83b7\u5f97\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u52cb\u7ae0\u4e0e\u8363\u8a89\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7b49\u56fd\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u52cb\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u53d8\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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